by Krystal Kowall, CPA | Valuations
In Summary Establishes Fair Market Value: Since private businesses lack a quoted market price, a formal valuation uses IRS guidelines (Revenue Ruling 59-60) to determine an objective “fair market value” based on company earnings, assets, and economic... 
by Krystal Kowall, CPA | Valuations
In Summary Valuing an oil and gas company is unique because its main assets, reserves, are finite and decline as they are produced, making the worth dependent on recovery, production timing, and cost. The three core valuation approaches—Asset, Market, and Income—must... 
by Krystal Kowall, CPA | Healthcare, Valuations
In Summary Medical practice valuation is crucial for various purposes, particularly for ownership transitions (like selling, buying in, or buying out a partner) to establish a clear and defensible value, but also for estate planning, strategic business decisions, and... 
by Krystal Kowall, CPA | Real Estate, Valuations
In Summary Determining a commercial real estate company’s value requires a combined approach using the income approach (capitalizing Net Operating Income, or NOI), the sales comparison approach (checking against comparable sales), and the cost approach... by Krystal Kowall, CPA | Valuations
In Summary Valuation is a Strategic Process Based on Three Core Methods: Business valuation determines a company’s worth using the income approach (future earnings), the market approach (comparing to similar sales using metrics like EBITDA), or the asset-based... 
by Krystal Kowall, CPA | Valuations
In Summary Valuation is a Complex Blend of Three Methods and Key Financials: Valuing a construction business uses the market, income (DCF), and asset-based approaches, but relies heavily on financial health indicators like EBITDA and the work-in-progress (WIP) report...